Alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and risk of breast cancer for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers: results from The BRCA1 and BRCA2 Cohort Consortium
Mary Beth Terry
(1)
,
Catherine Noguès
(2)
,
Daniel Barrowdale
(3)
,
Debra Frost
(3)
,
Carole Brewer
(4)
,
D. Gareth Evans
(5)
,
Louise Izatt
(6)
,
Lucy Side
(7)
,
Lisa Walker
(8)
,
Marc Tischkowitz
(9)
,
Mark Rogers
(10)
,
Mary Porteous
(11)
,
Hanne E.J. Meijers-Heijboer
(12)
,
Johan Jp Gille
(12)
,
Marinus Blok
(13)
,
Nicoline Hoogerbrugge
(14)
,
Mary B. Daly
(15)
,
Irene Andrulis
(16)
,
Saundra Buys
(17)
,
Esther M. John
(18)
,
Sue-Anne Mclachlan
(19)
,
Michael Friedlander
(20)
,
Yen Tan
(21)
,
Ana Osorio
(22)
,
Trinidad Caldés
(23)
,
Anna Jakubowska
(24)
,
Jacques Simard
(25)
,
Christian Singer
(26)
,
Edith Olah
(27)
,
Marie Navratilova
(28)
,
Lenka Foretova
(28)
,
Anne-Marie Gerdes
(29)
,
Marie-José Roos-Blom
(30)
,
Brita Arver
(31)
,
Håkan Olsson
(32)
,
Rita Schmutzler
(33)
,
John Hopper
(34)
,
Roger L Milne
(35)
,
Douglas Easton
(36)
,
Flora E. van Leeuwen
(37)
,
Matti A. Rookus
(38)
,
Nadine N. Andrieu
(39, 40, 41)
,
David E. Goldgar
(42, 43)
1
Huntsman Cancer Institute [Salt Lake City]
2 CRLCC René Huguenin - CRLCC René Huguenin
3 Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology
4 Department of Clinical Genetics
5 Genetic Medicine
6 Clinical Genetics
7 Department of Clinical Genetics, The Churchill, Oxford
8 Oxford Regional Genetics Service [Oxford, UK]
9 Department of Genetics
10 Department of Computer Science [Colorado State University]
11 Clinical Genetics
12 VU University Medical Center [Amsterdam]
13 Department of Clinical Genetics
14 Department of Human Genetics
15 Division of Population Science
16 Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology
17 Department of Internal Medicine
18 Department of Epidemiology
19 St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney
20 Dept of Medical Oncology, Division of Medicine
21 Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna
22 Human Genetics Group
23 Molecular Oncology Laboratory
24 Department of Genetics and Pathology
25 Laboratoire de Génomique des Cancers
26 Division of Special Gynecology
27 National Institute of Oncology
28 MMCI - Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute
29 Department of Clinical Genetics
30 NKI - Netherlands Cancer Institute
31 Radiumhemmet
32 Department of Oncology
33 Division of Molecular Gyneco-Oncology, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Clinical Center Un
34 University of Melbourne
35 Cancer Epidemiology Centre
36 Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology [Cambridge]
37 Departments of Epidemiology and Molecular Pathology
38 Department of Epidemiology
39 INSERM - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale
40 Institut Curie [Paris]
41 Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris)
42 Department of Dermatology [Salt Lake City, UT, USA]
43 School of Medicine [University of Utah, Salt Lake City]
2 CRLCC René Huguenin - CRLCC René Huguenin
3 Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology
4 Department of Clinical Genetics
5 Genetic Medicine
6 Clinical Genetics
7 Department of Clinical Genetics, The Churchill, Oxford
8 Oxford Regional Genetics Service [Oxford, UK]
9 Department of Genetics
10 Department of Computer Science [Colorado State University]
11 Clinical Genetics
12 VU University Medical Center [Amsterdam]
13 Department of Clinical Genetics
14 Department of Human Genetics
15 Division of Population Science
16 Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology
17 Department of Internal Medicine
18 Department of Epidemiology
19 St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney
20 Dept of Medical Oncology, Division of Medicine
21 Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna
22 Human Genetics Group
23 Molecular Oncology Laboratory
24 Department of Genetics and Pathology
25 Laboratoire de Génomique des Cancers
26 Division of Special Gynecology
27 National Institute of Oncology
28 MMCI - Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute
29 Department of Clinical Genetics
30 NKI - Netherlands Cancer Institute
31 Radiumhemmet
32 Department of Oncology
33 Division of Molecular Gyneco-Oncology, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Clinical Center Un
34 University of Melbourne
35 Cancer Epidemiology Centre
36 Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology [Cambridge]
37 Departments of Epidemiology and Molecular Pathology
38 Department of Epidemiology
39 INSERM - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale
40 Institut Curie [Paris]
41 Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris)
42 Department of Dermatology [Salt Lake City, UT, USA]
43 School of Medicine [University of Utah, Salt Lake City]
Catherine Noguès
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 21280
- IdHAL : catherine-nogues
- ORCID : 0000-0002-5768-6299
- IdRef : 030671175
Daniel Barrowdale
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 768869
- ORCID : 0000-0003-1661-3939
Lucy Side
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 887732
Irene Andrulis
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 920702
Trinidad Caldés
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 762555
- ORCID : 0000-0002-1038-5392
Anna Jakubowska
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 762556
- ORCID : 0000-0002-5650-0501
Jacques Simard
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 757778
- ORCID : 0000-0001-6906-3390
Douglas Easton
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 782295
- ORCID : 0000-0003-2444-3247
David E. Goldgar
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 838676
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption have been intensively studied in the general population to assess their effects on the risk of breast cancer (BC), but very few studies have examined these effects in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. Given the high BC risk for mutation carriers and the importance of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in DNA repair, better evidence on the associations of these lifestyle factors with BC risk is essential.
METHODS:
Using a large international pooled cohort of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers, we conducted retrospective (5,707 BRCA1 mutation carriers; 3,525 BRCA2 mutation carriers) and prospective (2,276 BRCA1 mutation carriers; 1,610 BRCA2 mutation carriers) analyses of alcohol and tobacco consumption using Cox proportional hazards models.
RESULTS:
For both BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers, none of the smoking-related variables was associated with BC risk, except smoking for more than five years before a first full-term pregnancy (FFTP) when compared to parous women who never smoked. For BRCA1 mutation carriers, the HR from retrospective analysis (HRR) was 1.19 (95%CI:1.02,1.39) and the HR from prospective analysis (HRP) was 1.36 (95%CI:0.99,1.87). For BRCA2 mutation carriers, smoking for more than five years before a FFTP showed an association of a similar magnitude, but the confidence limits were wider (HRR=1.25,95%CI:1.01,1.55 and HRP=1.30,95%CI:0.83,2.01). For both carrier groups, alcohol consumption was not associated with BC risk.
CONCLUSIONS:
The finding that smoking during the pre-reproductive years increases BC risk for mutation carriers warrants further investigation.
IMPACT:
This is the largest prospective study of BRCA mutation carriers to assess these important risk factors.
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